Natural gas is one of the cleanest modern day fuels for the industrial and domestic use, being efficient and non-polluting. Due to its characteristic clean burning nature and availability by pipeline connection which alleviates the need for local storages and other transportation logistics, natural gas emerged as the fuel of choice, growing steadily in the energy basket of major nations.
| Natural Gas comes in 4 basic forms |
|---|
| Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) - Natural Gas which has been liquefied at – (Minus) 160 degree Centigrade. Natural Gas is liquefied to facilitate transportation in large volumes in cryogenic tankers across seas / land. |
| Regasified Liquefied Natural Gas (RLNG) – LNG Re-gasified at import terminals before transporting it to consumers through Pipelines. |
| Compressed Natural gas (CNG) - Natural Gas compressed to a pressure of 200-250 kg/cm2 used as fuel for transportation. CNG decreases vehicular pollution on the virtue of being cleaner fuel than liquid fuels. |
| Piped Natural gas (PNG) - Natural Gas distributed through a pipeline network that has safety valves to maintain the pressure, assuring safe, uninterrupted supply to the domestic sector for cooking and heating / cooling applications. |
| Sector | Natural Gas is used |
|---|---|
| Power Sector | As fuel for base load power plants In combined cycle/co-generation power plants |
| Fertilizer Industry | As feed stock in the production of ammonia and urea |
| Industrial | As an under boiler fuel for raising steam As fuel in furnaces and heating applications |
| Domestic and commercial | It is used as PNG and CPNG for cooking and fuel respectively. |
| Automotive | It is used as an eco-friendly fuel. |
| Petrochemicals | As the raw material from which a variety of chemical products e.g. methanol, are derived |
Natural Gas Transmission
Natural Gas, , a new age fuel is the cleanest, efficient, non-polluting, environmental friendly and relatively economical of the fossil fuel in the modern day industrial society.
Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure connects various gas sources to different gas markets to meet the existing/ future natural gas demand of various Powers, Fertilizer, CGD and other industries in the Country. The gas pipeline infrastructure has facilitated widespread industrialization and has brought significant socio-economic changes to different parts of the country.
A big challenge lies in bridging the physical gap between demand and supply centers in an efficient, safe and eco-friendly manner. Pipeline transportation of gas offers a safe, economic and environmentally sound alternative to most other modes of energy transport.
The Government recognizes the need to augment the natural gas transmission infrastructure in the country and has been driving the development of natural gas pipeline connecting all regions of the country which is shaping-up into Natural Gas Grid (NGG).
“Over the years, GAIL as a major gas pipeline operator has contributed to the growth and development of natural gas pipeline infrastructure and natural gas market. It has an existing 16271 Km. of gas pipeline network with a capacity of 208 MMSCMD. GAIL’s existing natural gas pipeline network covers 20 States (Andhra Pradesh,Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand and West Bengal) and 3 UT’s (Delhi, Puducherry & Dadra Nagar Haveli)”.
| Operational Natural Gas Pipelines of GAIL | ||
|---|---|---|
| Common Carrier + Dedicated | ||
| Sl. No. | Network/ Region# | Length (KM)* |
| 1 | Agartala Network | 65 |
| 2 | Cauvery Basin | 272 |
| 3 | Chhainsa-Jhajjar-Hissar Pipeline Network (CJPL) | 444 |
| 4 | Dabhol-Bengaluru Pipeline Network (DBPL) | 1147 |
| 5 | Dadri-Bawana-Nangal Pipeline Network | 983 |
| 6 | Dahej-Uran-Dabhol Pipeline Network | 943 |
| 7 | Gujarat Regional Pipeline Network | 609 |
| 8 | Integrated HVJ | 6729 |
| 9 | Jagdishpur-Haldia-Bokaro-Dhamra (JHBDPL) | 3165 |
| 10 | KG Basin Pipeline Network | 919 |
| 11 | Kochi-Koottanad-Bengaluru-Mangaluru Pipeline Network (KKBMPL) | 644 |
| 12 | Mumbai Regional Pipeline Network | 125 |
| 13 | Dedicated Networks | 226 |
| Total Length | 16271 | |
Ongoing Cross Country Pipeline Projects
Natural gas pipelines are the core and strategic assets for India’s energy security and backbone to achieve the gas based economy. GAIL is in constant endeavour to expand its pipeline infrastructure across the length and breadth of the country as a part of National Gas Grid. With the execution of in hand pipeline projects, GAIL is expanding its natural gas pipeline infrastructure on PAN India basis.
| S No. | Projects | Total Length (in Km) | Total Investment (in Rs Crore) | Commissioned as on Mar'24 | Under Construction as on Mar'24 | States covered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jagdishpur Haldia and Bokaro Dhamra Pipeline (JHBDPL) | 2,563 | 13,414 | 2,269 | 294 | Uttra Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand and West Bengal |
| 2 | Barauni Guwahati Pipeline (BGPL) | 727 | 3,992 | 717 | 9 | Bihar,West Bengal and Assam |
| 3 | Coimbatore to Krishnagiri Pipeline(Part of Kochi-koottanad-Bengaluru-Mangaluru Pipeline Phase- II) | 901 | 5,909 | 579 | 322 | Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka |
| 4 | Srikakulam Angul Pipeline (SAPL) | 744 | 2,658 | 0 | 744 | Odisha and Andhra Pradesh |
| 5 | Mumbai Nagpur Jharsuguda Pipeline(MNJPL) | 1,755 | 7,844 | 0 | 1,755 | Maharashtra,Madhya Pradesh,Chhattisgarh and Odisha |
| 6 | Dhamra Haldia Pipeline (DHPL) | 253 | 1,031 | 150 | 103 | Odisha and West Bengal |
| 7 | Gurdaspur-Jammu Pipeline | 160 | 522 | 0 | 160 | Punjab and UT of Jammu |
|
|
Total |
7,197 |
35,370 |
3,715 |
3,387 |
*Updated on 13th August, 2024
Other Ongoing Projects
| S No. | Projects under execution | Details | Investment (Rs. Cr.) | States covered |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pipeline Replacement Projects KG Basin Ph-3 |
Pipeline replacement of 30 Km | 133 | Andhra Pradesh |
| 2 | Uran-Usar Liquid Propane Pipeline Project | 12” X 44 Km Pipeline | 309 | Maharashtra |
| 3 | Vijaipur to Pata C2/C3 Pipeline | 14” X 360 Km | 1,792 | Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh |
| 4 | Tie in Connectivity Projects | Tie in connectivity to CBM field Bokaro & CBM field Jharia (Total length 6 Km) | 31 | Jharkhand |
| 5 | Consumer Connectivity | Last Mile Connectivities to consumers (8 nos.) & CGD Hook-up Projects (49 nos.) | 426 | Pan India Basis |
| Total | 2,691 |
GAIL shall continue to meet the noble objective of supply and transportation of natural gas through its state of art natural gas transmission pipeline system and shall contribute to the growth and Industrialization in India. GAIL is continuously playing the vital role in development of National Gas Grid and providing pipeline connectivity to the prospective customers i.e. industrial, commercial, domestic etc. located along GAIL’s pipeline network.
Gas - Marketing
Since inception in 1984, GAIL has been the undisputed leader in the marketing, transmission and distribution of Natural Gas in India. As India's leading Natural Gas Major, it has been instrumental in the development of the Natural Gas market in the country.
Currently, GAIL sells around 52% of natural gas sold in the country. Of this, 21% is to the power sector and 43% to the fertilizer sector approximately. Presently, GAIL is supplying around 42 MMSCMD of Natural Gas from domestic sources to customers across India. These customers range from the smallest of companies to mega power and fertilizer plants. GAIL has established a Gas Management System to handle multiple sources of supply and delivery of gas in co-mingled form and provide a seamless interface between shippers, customers, transporters and suppliers. We are present in 20 states, i.e., Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand and West Bengal besides the Union Territories of Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Chandigarh. We are further extending our coverage to the state of Odisha through our upcoming pipelines.
GAIL is actively pursuing opportunities in inter-regional gas trade both in the form of pipeline gas and LNG.
Network
Liquefied natural gas
GAIL (India) Limited has signed Master Sales and Purchase Agreements (MSPAs) with several major reputed International LNG Suppliers, Producers and Traders.
GAIL has been off-taking RLNG from Petronet LNG Limited (PLL) under its long-term SPA being supplied from Qatar and Australia. GAIL has also been successful in securing LNG under long term agreements from suppliers like Sabine Pass, Cove Point USA etc. For its LNG portfolio, GAIL has chartered several LNG vessels on spot and time charter basis. With growing gas demand in India, GAIL brings most of the US volumes to India through an optimal mix of own ship charters and structured optimization transactions like Destination Swap, etc.
In addition to the above GAIL’s wholly owned subsidiary, GAIL Global Singapore Pte Ltd (GGSPL), is operating in LNG trading business segment.
Energy Conversion Matrix
Frequently used General Conversions in the Gas Industry
| 1 SCM (Standard Cubic Meter) | = 1 cubic metre @ 1 atmosphere pressure and 15.56 ° C | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Cubic Metre | = 35.31 Cubic feet | |
| 1 BCM(Billion Cubic Metre) / Year of gas (consumption or production) | = 2.74 MMSCMD | 365 Days a Year |
| 1 TCF (Trillion Cubic Feet) of Gas Reserve | = 3.88 MMSCMD | 100% Recoverable for 20 years @ 365 days / Annum) |
| 1 MMTPA of LNG | =3.60 MMSCMD | Mol.Weight of 18 @ 365 days/Annum) |
| 1 MT of LNG | =1314 SCM | Mol.Weight of 18 |
| Gross Calorific Value (GCV) | 10000 Kcal/ SCM | |
| Net Calorific Value (NCV) | 90% of GCV | |
| 1 Million BTU (MMBTU) | = 25.2 SCM | @10000 Kcal/SCM; 1 MMBTU= 252,000 Kcal) |
| Specific Gravity of Gas | =0.62 | Molecular Weight of Dry Air=28.964 gm/mole) |
| Density of Gas | =0.76 Kg/SCM | Mol.Weight of Gas 18 gm/mol |
| Gas required for 1 MW of Power generation | =4541 SCM per Day | Station Heat Rate (SHR); ~ 1720 Kcal/Kwh-NCV (50% Thermal Efficiency); N.Gas GCV- @10000 Kcal/SCM |
| Power Generation from 1 MMSCMD Gas | =220 MWH | Station Heat Rate (SHR); ~ 1720 Kcal/Kwh-NCV (50% Thermal Efficiency); N.Gas GCV- @10000 Kcal/SCM |
Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Inaugurates Dhamra Angul Pipeline
Dispatch Terminal, Dhamra
Receiving terminal, IOCL Paradip, Odisha
Tie-in 27 km from Dhamra
Receiving Terminal, Paradip, Odisha during Construction stage
HDD Pulling, Railway Crossing in Odisha
HDD Pulling, Salandi River, Odisha
Dhamra-Angul Pipeline Project
Brief Project Information :
Dhamra Angul Pipeline is part of ambitious Pradhan Mantri Urja Ganga Pipeline Project (PMUG) passing through the state of Odisha, for a total length 412 km spreading across 09 districts. Dhamra- Angul Pipeline section has been executed with an investment of around ~ Rs 2,451 Crores.
Objective of Dhamra Angul Pipeline Project
With an aim to ensure environment friendly, clean and quality energy in Eastern India. Dhamra-Angul Pipeline has been laid to cater the needs of house-holds as PNG (Piped Natural Gas) for cooking purpose, hotel industries, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) to vehicles in the transport sector, Refineries, Fertilizer plants, Steel Plants and many other industries.
Dhamra-Angul Pipeline will evacuate RLNG from Dhamra LNG Terminal, which has a capacity of 5 MTPA (Nominal capacity) i.e. equivalent to 18 MMSCMD of R-LNG (Regassified Liquified Natural Gas).
Salient Features of the project are as below :
| Sl. | Description | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | GAIL’s Board Approval | 01.03.2017 |
| 2. | PNGRB authorization | By letter ref. no. Infra/NGPL /124/GAIL/JHBDPL /01/18 Dated 29.01.2018 |
| 3. | Authorized Capacity | 16 MMSCMD |
| 4. | Project Cost | Rs. 2451 Crore |
| 5. | Pipeline Scheme | 36” X 207 Km (Mainline) 18/12” X 86 Km (Paradip Spurline) 12” x 120 Km (Bhubaneshwar / Cuttack Spurline) No. of Terminal: 22 nos. (DT- 1, SV-14, IP Cum DT-2, RT-5) |
| 6. | State / District Covered | Odisha: 413 Km
|
| 7. | RoU | Pipeline laid in new RoU |
| 8. | Commissioning | 36” Dhamra-Angul Mainline Commissioned on 16.02.2023 12” Spurline to Bhubaeshwar / Cuttack Commissioned on 31.03.2023 18” / 12” Spurline to Paradip Commissioned on 30.06.2023 |
Project Status:
The Project has been commissioned in June’23.
Benefits of the Project:
- This pipeline shall supply gas to Steel, Pellet, Aluminium, Refineries Industries etc.
- Market penetration in Odisha for Natural Gas can create a ripple effect and generate demand across the country in respective Industrial Sectors.
- It will serve 07 GAs covering 14 districts in Odisha :
- Khordha District
- Cuttack District
- Angul & Dhenkanal District
- Balasore, Bhadrak & Mayurbhanj District
- Ganjam, Nayagarh & Puri District
- Jagatsingpur & Kendrapara District
- Jajpur & Kendujhar District
- Pipeline will cater natural gas requirement of IOCL Paradip refinery.
- The pipeline will supply natural gas to 3.1 Lakhs nos. households and 124 CNG Stations.
- Direct & Indirect employment of Approximately 9 Lakh man-days have been generated during its implementation phase.